羧基改性阴极对微生物电合成系统产乙酸性能的影响机制

微生物电合成系统(microbial electrosynthesis systems,MESs)可利用微生物将二氧化碳转化为有价化合物,有望实现温室气体的资源化利用,然而,其合成效率仍需进一步提高.本研究通过电化学还原重氮盐反应将特定的官能团—COOH接枝到碳布电极表面,探究改性阴极对于MESs性能的影响.结果发现,经—COOH改性的阴极材料亲水性显著提高,而循环伏安扫描电流变弱. MESs在启动阶段性能差异最大,运行48 h,改性组CA-H、CA-M、CA-L的产氢速率是CK的21. 45、28. 60和22. 75倍;运行120 h,CA-H、CA-M和CA-L的乙酸累积浓度是CK的2. 01、2. 43和1. 44倍. MESs运行324 h后,各阴极的电化学活性无明显差异,生物膜蛋白量无明显差异(～0. 47 mg·cm~(-2)).阴极生物膜的群落结构分析发现,属水平上由Acetobacterium、norank_p_Saccharibacteria和Thioclava占据主导,总相对丰度占到59. 6%到82. 1%;各阴极之间产乙酸功能菌Acetobacterium的相对丰度差别不大(31. 3%～40. 1%),而消耗乙酸的norank_p_Saccharibacteria属在CA-H、CA-M、CA-L和CK的相对丰度分别为:16. 1%、24. 6%、31. 1%和37. 5%.羧基改性阴极对MESs的启动阶段影响较大,可为MESs的快速启动提供新的思路.     

Effect of current density on groundwater arsenite removal performance using air cathode electrocoagulation

• With the same charge, current density had little effect on As(III) removal in ACEC. • ACEC had the lowest energy consumption compared with EC/O₂ or EC/N₂. • There was a trade-off relationship between energy consumption and removal time. • The ·OH concentration in ACEC was 1.5 times of that in the EC/O₂ system. Naturally occurring arsenic enrichment in groundwater poses a huge threat to human health. Air cathode electrocoagulation (ACEC) has recently been proposed to enhance As(III) oxidation and lower energy consumption. In this study, ACEC, EC/O₂ and EC/N₂ were evaluated with different current densities from 1 to 8 mA/cm² to investigate the effect on As(III) removal in different redox environments. Current density had no appreciable effect on arsenic removal efficiency given the same charge in ACEC because the concentration ratio of Fe/H₂O₂ under different current densities remained stable. However, in EC/O₂ and EC/N₂, As(III) removal was inhibited at higher current densities (4–8 mA/cm²), likely because more Fe(II) competed with As(III) for the oxidant, leading to less effective oxidation of As(III). In all EC systems, the ·OH units generated per power consumption reached the highest value at the lowest current density. Compared with other EC systems, the ACEC system showed lower energy consumption at all current densities due to the low energy consumption of the electrode reaction and more free radical generation. A lower current density saved more energy at the expense of time, showing the trade-off relationship between energy consumption and removal time. The operation costs for As(III) removal under optimal conditions were calculated as 0.028 $/m³ for ACEC, 0.030 $/m³ for EC/O₂, and 0.085 $/m³ for EC/N₂     

剩余污泥燃料电池处理含铬废水的效能及机理

采用剩余污泥为阳极底物,六价铬为阴极电子受体,构建双室微生物燃料电池(MFC).MFC启动成功后,考察阳极室污泥初始浓度和阴极室六价铬初始浓度对MFC产电性能及六价铬还原速率的影响.较高的污泥浓度(8~12g/L)对六价铬的还原速率影响均较小,且去除率均可达99%以上.污泥浓度为10g/L的MFC具有较高的产电性能,内阻为108Ω,最大功率密度输出为3621mW/m3.阴极室较高的Cr(VI)初始浓度可维持较长时间的高输出电压,但对阳极污泥降解并无明显影响.XPS测试结果表明,阴极Cr(VI)的还原产物为Cr(III),因电场作用被吸附在电极片上,使得阴极溶液中的总铬浓度降低.研究表明,剩余污泥为底物的微生物燃料电池可以在产电的同时实现剩余污泥的资源化及电镀废水的无害化.     

Removal of PCDD/Fs and PCBs from flue gas using a pilot gas cleaning system

A 100 Nm3 /hr capacity pilot scale dual bag filter (DBF) system was tested on the flue gas from an actual hazardous waste incinerator (HWI), the removal efficiency of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was also studied. The first filter collected most of the fly ash and associated chlorinated organic; then activated carbon (AC) was injected and used to collect phase chlorinated organic from the gas. Concentrations of PCDD/Fs and PCBs after the DBF system were 0.07 and 0.01 ng TEQ/Nm3 , respectively, which were both far below the national emission standard. Comparing with the original single bag filter system, the PCDD/Fs concentration dropped a lot from 0.36 to 0.07 ng TEQ/Nm3 . Increasing AC feeding rate enhanced their collection efficiency, yet reduced the AC utilization efficiency, and it still needs further study to select an appropriate feeding rate in the system. These results will be useful for industrial application and assist in controlling emissions of PCDD/Fs and other persistent organic pollutions from stationary sources in China.     

并联式双梯度反相离子对液相色谱法快速检测土壤中芳磺酸

通过阀切换并联式双系统,建立了一套测定土壤样品中7种芳磺酸的反相离子对液相色谱法。该方法采用2根色谱柱,一根色谱柱分析的同时,另一根色谱柱通过阀切换实现平衡,节约了38.5%的分析时间。方法使用Dikma Diamonsil C18(150 mm×4.6 mm×5μm)色谱柱,以离子对试剂(四丁基硫酸氢铵)和乙腈为流动相,检测波长为226、235、258 nm。各组分线性关系良好,线性相关系数均在0.999 9以上。随机抽取样品进行重新提取、检测,得到各组分的相对标准偏差均小于7%,且定量限最高不超过0.181 2μg/g,重复性和定量限均能满足实验要求。     

关于建立工业园区统一规范碳核算方法体系的思考

工业园区是中国制造业发展的重要载体与做好碳达峰碳中和的关键支撑，建立统一规范的碳核算方法，是园区科学推进低碳发展的必要前提。本研究剖析了园区碳核算的复杂性，明确了园区“双碳”工作的核心要义，建立了“一芯四核”互馈式园区碳核算方法框架。该框架主要包括应用目标与范围定义、流分析与排放清单建立、碳排放计算、结果解释与决策支撑四个核心环节，四“核”间相互作用、迭代优化，根据园区发展实际进行具象化，并充分考虑向上与所在行政区域碳核算清单、向下与企业碳排放核算兼容，最终服务于准确把握低碳发展内涵、锻造新的产业竞争优势这一关键内“芯”。进一步地，研究阐述了“一芯四核”方法框架各主要步骤，分析了园区碳核算实践中面临的园区边界、核算范围、清单建立、数据质量等方面的难点，提出了基于检验清单的各环节工作原则、操作步骤及注意事项。研究为“千园千面”的工业园区提供了科学统一的碳核算理论框架，可为工业园区在低碳转型中锻造新的产业竞争优势提供决策支撑，为建立统一规范碳排放统计核算体系奠定方法基础。